✅ Haemodialysis Quality Standards (MOH 2012) – MCQs
1. According to MOH 2012 standards, what is the minimum recommended frequency of haemodialysis sessions per week for chronic patients?
A. Once a week
B. Twice a week
C. Three times a week
D. Daily
➡️ Answer: C. Three times a week
2. What is the recommended target for dialysis adequacy measured by Kt/V per session in MOH standards?
A. Kt/V ≥ 1.2
B. Kt/V ≥ 1.4
C. Kt/V ≥ 1.0
D. Kt/V ≥ 0.8
➡️ Answer: A. Kt/V ≥ 1.2
3. According to MOH 2012, which water quality parameter is critical and must be monitored regularly for haemodialysis water treatment systems?
A. Total dissolved solids (TDS)
B. Chlorine and chloramine levels
C. pH only
D. Temperature only
➡️ Answer: B. Chlorine and chloramine levels
4. What is the MOH guideline for maximum allowable bacterial count in dialysis water?
A. ≤ 100 CFU/mL
B. ≤ 200 CFU/mL
C. ≤ 500 CFU/mL
D. ≤ 1000 CFU/mL
➡️ Answer: A. ≤ 100 CFU/mL
5. Which of the following infection control practices is mandated by MOH 2012 for dialysis units?
A. Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics for all patients
B. Strict hand hygiene and aseptic technique for vascular access handling
C. No requirement for personal protective equipment (PPE)
D. Allowing staff to reuse gloves between patients
➡️ Answer: B. Strict hand hygiene and aseptic technique for vascular access handling
6. What is the MOH recommendation regarding monitoring of patients' blood pressure during haemodialysis?
A. Measure only at the beginning of the session
B. Measure at least every 30 minutes during dialysis
C. Measure only if symptoms occur
D. No regular measurement needed
➡️ Answer: B. Measure at least every 30 minutes during dialysis
7. According to MOH standards, what is the recommended dialyzer reuse policy?
A. Dialyzers should never be reused
B. Reuse is allowed only if proper cleaning and disinfection procedures are followed
C. Dialyzers can be reused indefinitely without cleaning
D. Dialyzer reuse is not addressed by MOH
➡️ Answer: B. Reuse is allowed only if proper cleaning and disinfection procedures are followed
8. What is the MOH guideline regarding staff training in haemodialysis units?
A. No specific training required
B. Staff should undergo regular competency assessments and training updates
C. Training only at the time of hire
D. Only doctors need training, not nurses or technicians
➡️ Answer: B. Staff should undergo regular competency assessments and training updates
9. What is the maximum acceptable endotoxin level in dialysis water according to MOH 2012?
A. ≤ 0.25 EU/mL
B. ≤ 0.5 EU/mL
C. ≤ 1.0 EU/mL
D. ≤ 5.0 EU/mL
➡️ Answer: A. ≤ 0.25 EU/mL
10. Which of the following is a recommended method of patient monitoring during haemodialysis per MOH standards?
A. Only clinical observation without laboratory tests
B. Routine laboratory tests including hemoglobin, serum electrolytes, and urea clearance
C. Laboratory tests only every 6 months
D. No laboratory monitoring required
➡️ Answer: B. Routine laboratory tests including hemoglobin, serum electrolytes, and urea clearance
11. According to MOH standards, what is the minimum hemoglobin target for stable haemodialysis patients?
A. 7-8 g/dL
B. 9-11 g/dL
C. 12-14 g/dL
D. 15-16 g/dL
➡️ Answer: B. 9-11 g/dL
12. What is the recommended maximum ultrafiltration rate per hour during haemodialysis to avoid complications?
A. 5 ml/kg/hr
B. 10 ml/kg/hr
C. 13 ml/kg/hr
D. 20 ml/kg/hr
➡️ Answer: C. 13 ml/kg/hr
13. MOH guidelines emphasize vascular access care. Which access type is preferred for chronic haemodialysis patients?
A. Temporary catheter
B. Permanent catheter
C. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
D. Peritoneal dialysis catheter
➡️ Answer: C. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
14. According to MOH, how often should water quality be tested in a haemodialysis unit?
A. Monthly for microbial testing
B. Annually
C. Every 6 months
D. Weekly
➡️ Answer: A. Monthly for microbial testing
15. The MOH 2012 standards recommend the use of which of the following to reduce infection risk in vascular access?
A. Routine systemic antibiotics for all patients
B. Strict aseptic technique and barrier precautions during cannulation
C. No need for antiseptic skin preparation
D. Using the same needle site for all patients
➡️ Answer: B. Strict aseptic technique and barrier precautions during cannulation
16. What is the MOH standard on the maximum permissible blood flow rate during haemodialysis?
A. 150 ml/min
B. 250-300 ml/min
C. 400-500 ml/min
D. 600 ml/min
➡️ Answer: B. 250-300 ml/min
17. MOH guidelines require periodic patient evaluation. How frequently should nutritional status be assessed?
A. Only at initiation of dialysis
B. Every 3 months
C. Every year
D. Not necessary
➡️ Answer: B. Every 3 months
18. According to MOH 2012, which of the following is a critical component of dialysis machine maintenance?
A. Annual calibration only
B. Routine cleaning, disinfection, and periodic preventive maintenance
C. Cleaning only when machine malfunctions
D. No maintenance needed for new machines
➡️ Answer: B. Routine cleaning, disinfection, and periodic preventive maintenance
19. Which of the following is the recommended action if water test results exceed allowable limits?
A. Continue dialysis as usual
B. Immediately stop dialysis until water quality is restored
C. Dilute the water with tap water
D. Use only reverse osmosis water without retesting
➡️ Answer: B. Immediately stop dialysis until water quality is restored
20. What is the recommended policy on dialyzer reuse in MOH 2012 standards?
A. Dialyzer reuse is prohibited
B. Dialyzer reuse is allowed if reprocessing complies with strict protocols
C. Dialyzers can be reused without reprocessing
D. No policy on dialyzer reuse
➡️ Answer: B. Dialyzer reuse is allowed if reprocessing complies with strict protocols
21. Which of the following is considered an essential parameter to monitor during every haemodialysis session according to MOH?
A. Blood glucose only
B. Blood pressure and heart rate
C. Respiratory rate only
D. Liver function tests
➡️ Answer: B. Blood pressure and heart rate
22. What is the MOH recommended action if a patient develops hypotension during dialysis?
A. Immediately stop dialysis and discharge the patient
B. Adjust ultrafiltration rate and provide appropriate medical support
C. Ignore and continue dialysis at the same rate
D. Increase dialysate temperature
➡️ Answer: B. Adjust ultrafiltration rate and provide appropriate medical support
23. According to MOH, which of the following should be documented in the haemodialysis session record?
A. Dialysis parameters, vital signs, medications administered, and any complications
B. Only the duration of dialysis
C. Only patient’s blood pressure at start
D. No documentation required
➡️ Answer: A. Dialysis parameters, vital signs, medications administered, and any complications
24. What is the MOH guideline for hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients?
A. Vaccination is optional
B. All patients should be vaccinated against hepatitis B unless contraindicated
C. Only vaccinated if patients request
D. Hepatitis B vaccination is not recommended in dialysis patients
➡️ Answer: B. All patients should be vaccinated against hepatitis B unless contraindicated
25. What is the maximum allowable concentration of chloramine in dialysis water according to MOH?
A. 0.1 mg/L
B. 0.3 mg/L
C. 0.5 mg/L
D. 1.0 mg/L
➡️ Answer: A. 0.1 mg/L
26. The MOH 2012 standards recommend which of the following for patient vascular access care?
A. Use of temporary catheters as first choice
B. Encourage AV fistula creation as the preferred access method
C. Avoid monitoring access for complications
D. Use central venous catheters indefinitely
➡️ Answer: B. Encourage AV fistula creation as the preferred access method
27. How often should staff competency assessments be conducted in haemodialysis units per MOH standards?
A. Every 5 years
B. Annually or as needed
C. Only at hiring
D. Competency assessments are not required
➡️ Answer: B. Annually or as needed
28. Which dialysate composition parameter is closely monitored in MOH dialysis quality standards?
A. Potassium concentration
B. Glucose concentration only
C. Sodium concentration only
D. No monitoring needed
➡️ Answer: A. Potassium concentration
29. According to MOH 2012, what is the recommended maximum endotoxin level in dialysis fluid?
A. 0.25 EU/mL
B. 0.5 EU/mL
C. 1.0 EU/mL
D. 5.0 EU/mL
➡️ Answer: A. 0.25 EU/mL
30. What is the MOH guideline regarding emergency preparedness in haemodialysis units?
A. No specific requirements
B. Units must have protocols and equipment for cardiac arrest and other emergencies
C. Only doctors need to be trained for emergencies
D. Emergencies are rare and don’t require preparation
➡️ Answer: B. Units must have protocols and equipment for cardiac arrest and other emergencies
31. According to MOH standards, what is the acceptable limit for endotoxin in dialysis water?
A. ≤ 0.5 EU/mL
B. ≤ 0.25 EU/mL
C. ≤ 1.0 EU/mL
D. ≤ 2.0 EU/mL
➡️ Answer: B. ≤ 0.25 EU/mL
32. What is the MOH recommendation regarding dialyzer reuse?
A. Reuse is not allowed under any circumstance
B. Reuse is allowed with strict adherence to cleaning and disinfection protocols
C. Reuse is allowed without cleaning
D. No guidelines exist on dialyzer reuse
➡️ Answer: B. Reuse is allowed with strict adherence to cleaning and disinfection protocols
33. Which of the following is recommended by MOH for preventing infection transmission in haemodialysis units?
A. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients
B. Adherence to standard precautions including hand hygiene and use of PPE
C. Sharing dialysis machines between patients without cleaning
D. No infection control measures necessary
➡️ Answer: B. Adherence to standard precautions including hand hygiene and use of PPE
34. According to MOH, which laboratory test is essential for monitoring dialysis adequacy?
A. Serum sodium
B. Pre- and post-dialysis blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to calculate Kt/V
C. Liver enzymes
D. Blood glucose
➡️ Answer: B. Pre- and post-dialysis blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to calculate Kt/V
35. What is the MOH recommended target range for hemoglobin in dialysis patients?
A. 7-8 g/dL
B. 9-11 g/dL
C. 12-14 g/dL
D. 15-16 g/dL
➡️ Answer: B. 9-11 g/dL
36. How often should water microbiological testing be performed according to MOH standards?
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Annually
➡️ Answer: C. Monthly
37. According to MOH 2012, what is the minimum frequency for checking patients’ vital signs during dialysis?
A. At start and end only
B. Every 30 minutes or more frequently if indicated
C. Only if patient complains of symptoms
D. No monitoring required
➡️ Answer: B. Every 30 minutes or more frequently if indicated
38. What is the recommended vascular access type preferred by MOH for long-term dialysis?
A. Temporary catheter
B. AV fistula
C. Peritoneal dialysis catheter
D. Permanent catheter
➡️ Answer: B. AV fistula
39. According to MOH standards, which of the following is essential for dialysis staff competency?
A. One-time training only
B. Continuous education and periodic competency assessments
C. No formal training required
D. Training only for doctors
➡️ Answer: B. Continuous education and periodic competency assessments
40. What is the MOH policy on handling dialysis emergencies?
A. Dialysis units must have protocols and equipment ready for emergencies such as cardiac arrest
B. Emergencies are rare, so no special preparations are necessary
C. Only doctors should be trained in emergency response
D. Emergency protocols are not mandatory
➡️ Answer: A. Dialysis units must have protocols and equipment ready for emergencies such as cardiac arrest
41. What is the MOH guideline for maximum acceptable bacterial count in dialysis water?
A. ≤ 200 CFU/mL
B. ≤ 100 CFU/mL
C. ≤ 500 CFU/mL
D. ≤ 50 CFU/mL
➡️ Answer: B. ≤ 100 CFU/mL
42. Which of the following is required in the MOH standard for haemodialysis water treatment?
A. Use of double reverse osmosis system
B. No water treatment necessary
C. Only use tap water for dialysis
D. Use of untreated well water
➡️ Answer: A. Use of double reverse osmosis system
43. What is the recommended action if chlorine or chloramine levels in dialysis water exceed permissible limits?
A. Dialysis can continue without changes
B. Stop dialysis and rectify water treatment system immediately
C. Dilute water with tap water
D. Ignore if patient is asymptomatic
➡️ Answer: B. Stop dialysis and rectify water treatment system immediately
44. MOH standards require monitoring of which of the following for water quality?
A. Total chlorine and chloramine
B. pH only
C. Hardness only
D. None of the above
➡️ Answer: A. Total chlorine and chloramine
45. What is the minimum recommended hemoglobin level for dialysis patients according to MOH 2012?
A. 8 g/dL
B. 9 g/dL
C. 10 g/dL
D. 12 g/dL
➡️ Answer: B. 9 g/dL
46. According to MOH, which of these is a key infection control measure in dialysis units?
A. Reuse of single-use items without disinfection
B. Use of gloves and hand hygiene during all patient interactions
C. No need for isolation of infected patients
D. Using the same dialyzer for multiple patients
➡️ Answer: B. Use of gloves and hand hygiene during all patient interactions
47. How often should dialysis patients be monitored for viral hepatitis markers as per MOH standards?
A. At start and every 6 months
B. Only at dialysis initiation
C. Only if symptomatic
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: A. At start and every 6 months
48. What is the MOH recommendation on dialysate composition monitoring?
A. No monitoring necessary
B. Regular checks of sodium, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate concentrations
C. Only sodium concentration is monitored
D. Only bicarbonate concentration is monitored
➡️ Answer: B. Regular checks of sodium, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate concentrations
49. What is the MOH standard regarding ultrafiltration rate during haemodialysis?
A. Maximum 20 ml/kg/hr
B. Maximum 13 ml/kg/hr
C. Maximum 10 ml/kg/hr
D. No maximum limit
➡️ Answer: B. Maximum 13 ml/kg/hr
50. According to MOH, what is the appropriate frequency of nutritional assessment in haemodialysis patients?
A. Annually
B. Every 3 months
C. Every 6 months
D. Not necessary
➡️ Answer: B. Every 3 months
51. According to MOH, what is the recommended procedure for handling dialysis machine alarms?
A. Ignore alarms if patient feels fine
B. Immediately investigate and resolve alarm causes before continuing treatment
C. Reset the machine without checking
D. Only check alarms at end of session
➡️ Answer: B. Immediately investigate and resolve alarm causes before continuing treatment
52. What is the MOH guideline for staff-to-patient ratio in haemodialysis units?
A. 1 staff per 10 patients
B. 1 staff per 3-4 patients
C. 1 staff per 1 patient
D. No specific guideline
➡️ Answer: B. 1 staff per 3-4 patients
53. Which of the following is a mandatory vaccination for haemodialysis patients according to MOH standards?
A. Influenza vaccine only
B. Hepatitis B vaccine
C. Varicella vaccine
D. No vaccines required
➡️ Answer: B. Hepatitis B vaccine
54. How often does MOH recommend haemodialysis units perform preventive maintenance on machines?
A. Only when breakdown occurs
B. Regularly as per manufacturer’s instructions
C. Once every five years
D. Preventive maintenance is not required
➡️ Answer: B. Regularly as per manufacturer’s instructions
55. What is the MOH guideline for blood pressure monitoring frequency during haemodialysis?
A. Only before dialysis session
B. Every 30 minutes or more often if needed
C. Only after dialysis session
D. Not necessary unless symptomatic
➡️ Answer: B. Every 30 minutes or more often if needed
56. According to MOH, what is the recommended target range for serum potassium in dialysis patients?
A. 2.5-3.5 mmol/L
B. 3.5-5.5 mmol/L
C. 5.5-7.0 mmol/L
D. No specific target
➡️ Answer: B. 3.5-5.5 mmol/L
57. What is the MOH recommendation on vascular access surveillance?
A. Only inspect AV fistula at each dialysis session
B. Routine clinical and functional monitoring to detect complications early
C. No surveillance needed unless complications arise
D. Only ultrasound monitoring is recommended
➡️ Answer: B. Routine clinical and functional monitoring to detect complications early
58. Which of the following is a key infection prevention practice for staff in dialysis units?
A. Use of gloves only during vascular access manipulation
B. Hand hygiene before and after all patient contacts
C. Wearing gloves continuously without changing between patients
D. No specific infection control practices required
➡️ Answer: B. Hand hygiene before and after all patient contacts
59. According to MOH, what is the recommended dialysate calcium concentration for most patients?
A. 1.25 mmol/L
B. 1.5 mmol/L
C. 2.0 mmol/L
D. No recommended concentration
➡️ Answer: B. 1.5 mmol/L
60. What is the MOH protocol for handling patients with positive blood cultures in dialysis units?
A. Continue dialysis as usual
B. Isolate patient and initiate appropriate treatment according to infection control protocols
C. Discharge patient immediately
D. No special precautions needed
➡️ Answer: B. Isolate patient and initiate appropriate treatment according to infection control protocols
61. What is the MOH guideline on dialysate flow rate during haemodialysis?
A. 200 ml/min
B. 500 ml/min
C. 800 ml/min
D. 1000 ml/min
➡️ Answer: C. 800 ml/min
62. According to MOH, how often should haemodialysis patients be assessed for vascular access complications?
A. Every 3 months
B. Every dialysis session
C. Every 6 months
D. Only when symptomatic
➡️ Answer: B. Every dialysis session
63. What is the MOH recommendation for management of dialysis-related hypotension?
A. Increase ultrafiltration rate
B. Decrease ultrafiltration rate and provide supportive care
C. Ignore and continue dialysis
D. Stop dialysis permanently
➡️ Answer: B. Decrease ultrafiltration rate and provide supportive care
64. According to MOH, what is the maximum recommended dialyzer reuse count?
A. 5 times
B. 10 times
C. 20 times
D. Not specified; depends on proper cleaning and testing
➡️ Answer: D. Not specified; depends on proper cleaning and testing
65. What is the MOH guideline on patient education in haemodialysis?
A. Education is optional
B. Patients should receive ongoing education on self-care and infection prevention
C. Only new patients need education
D. Education is provided only if requested
➡️ Answer: B. Patients should receive ongoing education on self-care and infection prevention
66. Which of the following is a MOH recommendation for staff protection in dialysis units?
A. Use of PPE during all patient care activities
B. No PPE required
C. PPE only when patient is known to have an infection
D. PPE use is optional
➡️ Answer: A. Use of PPE during all patient care activities
67. What does MOH recommend regarding documentation of adverse events in haemodialysis?
A. Documentation is not necessary
B. All adverse events should be documented and reported promptly
C. Only major adverse events need documentation
D. Documentation is optional
➡️ Answer: B. All adverse events should be documented and reported promptly
68. According to MOH, how often should haemodialysis water system membranes be replaced or maintained?
A. Annually
B. As per manufacturer’s recommendations and facility protocols
C. Never
D. Every 5 years
➡️ Answer: B. As per manufacturer’s recommendations and facility protocols
69. What is the MOH guideline regarding hepatitis C screening in dialysis patients?
A. At initiation and periodically every 6 months
B. Only at initiation
C. Only if symptomatic
D. Screening not required
➡️ Answer: A. At initiation and periodically every 6 months
70. According to MOH, what is the target for serum albumin in dialysis patients as a marker of nutritional status?
A. > 3.5 g/dL
B. > 4.5 g/dL
C. > 2.5 g/dL
D. No target specified
➡️ Answer: A. > 3.5 g/dL
71. What is the MOH guideline regarding dialysate sodium concentration?
A. 130-135 mmol/L
B. 138-140 mmol/L
C. 142-145 mmol/L
D. No specific recommendation
➡️ Answer: B. 138-140 mmol/L
72. Which of the following is a key element in MOH’s infection control protocol in dialysis units?
A. Reuse of single-use dialyzers without sterilization
B. Proper sterilization of equipment and use of disposable items where possible
C. No hand hygiene required
D. Patients sharing personal care items
➡️ Answer: B. Proper sterilization of equipment and use of disposable items where possible
73. According to MOH, how frequently should dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) be assessed?
A. Monthly
B. Quarterly
C. Annually
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: B. Quarterly
74. What is the MOH recommendation on patient body weight monitoring?
A. Only before dialysis
B. Before and after every dialysis session
C. Only once a week
D. No monitoring required
➡️ Answer: B. Before and after every dialysis session
75. According to MOH standards, which of the following best describes the ideal vascular access for haemodialysis?
A. Temporary catheter
B. AV fistula
C. Central venous catheter
D. Peritoneal dialysis catheter
➡️ Answer: B. AV fistula
76. What is the MOH guideline for management of fluid overload in dialysis patients?
A. Increase dialysate sodium concentration
B. Adjust ultrafiltration rate and monitor weight gain
C. Ignore and continue routine dialysis
D. Prescribe diuretics only
➡️ Answer: B. Adjust ultrafiltration rate and monitor weight gain
77. What is the MOH policy on hepatitis B vaccination for dialysis patients?
A. Mandatory vaccination unless contraindicated
B. Vaccination only on patient request
C. No vaccination required
D. Vaccinate only after exposure
➡️ Answer: A. Mandatory vaccination unless contraindicated
78. According to MOH, what is the target serum phosphate range in dialysis patients?
A. 0.5-1.0 mmol/L
B. 1.13-1.78 mmol/L
C. 2.0-3.0 mmol/L
D. No target specified
➡️ Answer: B. 1.13-1.78 mmol/L
79. What is the MOH guideline regarding ultrafiltration volume during dialysis?
A. Limit to ≤13 ml/kg/hr
B. No limit recommended
C. Should be >20 ml/kg/hr
D. Not applicable
➡️ Answer: A. Limit to ≤13 ml/kg/hr
80. How often should staff participate in training and competency assessments according to MOH?
A. At hiring only
B. At hiring and annually thereafter
C. Every five years
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: B. At hiring and annually thereafter
81. What is the MOH recommended frequency for complete blood count (CBC) monitoring in haemodialysis patients?
A. Weekly
B. Monthly
C. Every 3 months
D. Annually
➡️ Answer: C. Every 3 months
82. According to MOH, which of the following is the preferred method of vascular access surveillance?
A. Clinical examination and monitoring for signs of dysfunction
B. Waiting for clinical complications before assessment
C. Only ultrasound surveillance
D. No surveillance needed
➡️ Answer: A. Clinical examination and monitoring for signs of dysfunction
83. What is the MOH guideline on dialysate bicarbonate concentration?
A. 22-26 mmol/L
B. 30-35 mmol/L
C. 10-15 mmol/L
D. No specific recommendation
➡️ Answer: A. 22-26 mmol/L
84. What is the MOH recommendation for hepatitis C screening frequency in dialysis patients?
A. At initiation and every 6 months thereafter
B. Only at initiation
C. Once a year
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: A. At initiation and every 6 months thereafter
85. According to MOH, what is the recommended action if a patient’s dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) is consistently below target?
A. Ignore and continue current regimen
B. Review and adjust dialysis prescription, vascular access, or patient compliance
C. Stop dialysis
D. Switch patient to peritoneal dialysis immediately
➡️ Answer: B. Review and adjust dialysis prescription, vascular access, or patient compliance
86. What does the MOH recommend regarding temperature monitoring during dialysis?
A. Dialysate temperature should be monitored and maintained at 36-37°C
B. Temperature monitoring is not necessary
C. Dialysate should be at room temperature
D. Patient temperature monitoring is not required
➡️ Answer: A. Dialysate temperature should be monitored and maintained at 36-37°C
87. What is the MOH guideline regarding vascular access cannulation technique?
A. Use the same site for every session without rotation
B. Rotate sites in conventional cannulation and maintain strict aseptic technique
C. No specific guideline on cannulation
D. Cannulate anywhere convenient
➡️ Answer: B. Rotate sites in conventional cannulation and maintain strict aseptic technique
88. According to MOH standards, what is the minimum frequency for staff hand hygiene in dialysis units?
A. Before and after all patient contact and procedures
B. Once per shift
C. Only if hands are visibly dirty
D. No hand hygiene required
➡️ Answer: A. Before and after all patient contact and procedures
89. What is the MOH policy on dialyzer membrane type selection?
A. No specific recommendation; selection based on patient needs and unit policy
B. Only low-flux membranes allowed
C. Only high-flux membranes allowed
D. Use synthetic membranes only
➡️ Answer: A. No specific recommendation; selection based on patient needs and unit policy
90. What is the MOH guideline on management of anemia in haemodialysis patients?
A. Target hemoglobin 9-11 g/dL using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents as appropriate
B. No treatment necessary
C. Target hemoglobin >14 g/dL
D. Use blood transfusions as first-line treatment
➡️ Answer: A. Target hemoglobin 9-11 g/dL using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents as appropriate
91. According to MOH, what is the recommended maximum dialysate calcium concentration?
A. 1.0 mmol/L
B. 1.25 mmol/L
C. 1.5 mmol/L
D. 2.0 mmol/L
➡️ Answer: C. 1.5 mmol/L
92. What is the MOH guideline on monitoring serum phosphate in haemodialysis patients?
A. Monthly
B. Every 3 months
C. Annually
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: B. Every 3 months
93. According to MOH, what is the recommended action if a patient develops an access infection?
A. Continue dialysis without change
B. Initiate antibiotics and consider access removal if severe
C. Ignore unless systemic symptoms present
D. Switch to peritoneal dialysis immediately
➡️ Answer: B. Initiate antibiotics and consider access removal if severe
94. What is the MOH recommendation regarding dialysis fluid bicarbonate concentration?
A. 18-20 mmol/L
B. 22-26 mmol/L
C. 30-35 mmol/L
D. No recommendation
➡️ Answer: B. 22-26 mmol/L
95. What is the MOH guideline for handling dialysis water with microbial contamination?
A. Use immediately after flushing
B. Stop dialysis until water quality is restored
C. Dilute with tap water
D. No special action required
➡️ Answer: B. Stop dialysis until water quality is restored
96. According to MOH, what is the recommended frequency for checking total chlorine in dialysis water?
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Annually
➡️ Answer: B. Weekly
97. What is the MOH policy on vaccination against influenza for haemodialysis patients?
A. Recommended annually
B. Not recommended
C. Only once at initiation
D. Optional
➡️ Answer: A. Recommended annually
98. What is the MOH recommended blood flow rate during haemodialysis?
A. 100-150 ml/min
B. 200-300 ml/min
C. 350-400 ml/min
D. No specific recommendation
➡️ Answer: B. 200-300 ml/min
99. According to MOH, what is the minimum ultrafiltration rate to avoid intradialytic hypotension?
A. ≤10 ml/kg/hr
B. ≤13 ml/kg/hr
C. ≤15 ml/kg/hr
D. No limit
➡️ Answer: B. ≤13 ml/kg/hr
100. What does MOH recommend for the frequency of dialysis adequacy assessments (Kt/V)?
A. Monthly
B. Quarterly
C. Annually
D. Not required
➡️ Answer: B. Quarterly
