✅ MCQs: Functions of the Kidney (A WET BED)
1. Which of the following is not a primary function of the kidney?
A. Filtration of blood
B. Insulin production
C. Regulation of electrolytes
D. Maintenance of acid-base balance
➡️ Answer: B. Insulin production
2. The kidney contributes to blood pressure regulation mainly by:
A. Excreting glucose
B. Producing renin
C. Storing sodium
D. Increasing blood viscosity
➡️ Answer: B. Producing renin
3. Erythropoietin produced by the kidney stimulates:
A. Bone mineralization
B. Red blood cell production in the bone marrow
C. Platelet activation
D. Vitamin D storage
➡️ Answer: B. Red blood cell production in the bone marrow
4. Which function of the kidney is most directly associated with A in A WET BED?
A. Urea excretion
B. Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration
C. Sodium absorption
D. Vitamin D activation
➡️ Answer: B. Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration
5. What hormone is activated in the kidneys and is essential for calcium absorption?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Calcitriol (active Vitamin D)
D. Parathyroid hormone
➡️ Answer: C. Calcitriol (active Vitamin D)
6. A patient with kidney failure may develop anemia due to decreased:
A. Iron absorption
B. Urea excretion
C. Erythropoietin production
D. Glomerular pressure
➡️ Answer: C. Erythropoietin production
7. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely in advanced kidney disease?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
➡️ Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
8. The kidney helps maintain water balance by regulating:
A. Sweating
B. Lung ventilation
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response
D. Heart rate
➡️ Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response
9. Removal of nitrogenous waste products like urea and creatinine is part of which kidney function?
A. Electrolyte regulation
B. Acid-base control
C. Toxin removal
D. Erythropoietin production
➡️ Answer: C. Toxin removal
10. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), influenced by kidneys, primarily affects:
A. Red cell mass
B. Immune response
C. Blood pressure and sodium retention
D. Urea production
➡️ Answer: C. Blood pressure and sodium retention
11. What part of the nephron is primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base balance?
A. Proximal tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Glomerulus
➡️ Answer: C. Collecting duct
12. Which hormone enhances sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone
➡️ Answer: C. Aldosterone
14. A person with kidney failure has high serum urea. This is due to failure of which function?
A. Water regulation
B. Electrolyte control
C. Acid-base balance
D. Toxin removal
➡️ Answer: D. Toxin removal
15. Which of the following explains why CKD patients are often hypertensive?
A. Loss of albumin
B. Activation of renin-angiotensin system
C. Increased uric acid
D. Reduced calcium reabsorption
➡️ Answer: B. Activation of renin-angiotensin system
16. Which blood test is a common indicator of kidney function related to toxin excretion?
A. Serum glucose
B. Serum calcium
C. Serum creatinine
D. Serum bilirubin
➡️ Answer: C. Serum creatinine
17. In chronic kidney disease, anemia primarily results from:
A. Blood loss
B. Iron deficiency
C. Erythropoietin deficiency
D. Hemolysis
➡️ Answer: C. Erythropoietin deficiency
18. The kidneys regulate blood pH by:
A. Reabsorbing potassium
B. Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
C. Filtering albumin
D. Producing insulin
➡️ Answer: B. Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
19. What is the main site of water reabsorption in the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Collecting duct
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Distal convoluted tubule
➡️ Answer: C. Proximal convoluted tubule
20. Why do CKD patients often develop bone disease (renal osteodystrophy)?
A. Low potassium
B. Impaired activation of vitamin D
C. High albumin levels
D. Increased glucose reabsorption
➡️ Answer: B. Impaired activation of vitamin D
✅ KIDNEY MCQ – SET 1: Anatomy & Physiology
1. The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
➡️ Answer: A. Nephron
2. Which blood vessel brings blood into the glomerulus?
A. Efferent arteriole
B. Afferent arteriole
C. Renal vein
D. Peritubular capillary
➡️ Answer: B. Afferent arteriole
3. The glomerulus is located in which part of the nephron?
A. Proximal tubule
B. Renal pelvis
C. Bowman’s capsule
D. Collecting duct
➡️ Answer: C. Bowman’s capsule
4. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
A. Aldosterone
B. Insulin
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Cortisol
➡️ Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
5. Renin is secreted by which structure?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D. Collecting duct
➡️ Answer: C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
6. The kidney is located in which anatomical region?
A. Intraperitoneal
B. Retroperitoneal
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Thoracic cavity
➡️ Answer: B. Retroperitoneal
7. Which of the following is not normally found in urine?
A. Urea
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Sodium
➡️ Answer: C. Glucose
8. The loop of Henle plays a key role in:
A. Hormone secretion
B. Blood filtration
C. Water and salt concentration
D. Glucose reabsorption
➡️ Answer: C. Water and salt concentration
9. What is the primary stimulus for renin release?
A. High sodium
B. Increased blood pressure
C. Low renal perfusion pressure
D. High potassium
➡️ Answer: C. Low renal perfusion pressure
10. Erythropoietin, produced by the kidney, stimulates:
A. Platelet formation
B. White blood cell production
C. Red blood cell production
D. Hemoglobin breakdown
➡️ Answer: C. Red blood cell production
✅ MCQs: Types of Dialyzer in Hemodialysis
1. Which of the following is NOT a type of dialyzer membrane?
A. Cellulose acetate
B. Polysulfone
C. Polyethersulfone
D. Silicone rubber
➡️ Answer: D. Silicone rubber
2. High-flux dialyzers are characterized by:
A. Small pore size
B. Inability to remove large molecules
C. High ultrafiltration coefficient (Kuf)
D. Use of cellulose membranes
➡️ Answer: C. High ultrafiltration coefficient (Kuf)
