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✅ Laboratory Tests for Dialysis Patients – MCQs (Set 1)
1. Which of the following tests is commonly used to monitor adequacy of dialysis?
A. Serum calcium
B. Hemoglobin
C. Kt/V
D. Serum creatinine
➡️ Answer: C. Kt/V
2. What is the target hemoglobin (Hb) level for most stable chronic hemodialysis patients according to KDOQI?
A. 8–9 g/dL
B. 9–10 g/dL
C. 10–11.5 g/dL
D. Above 13 g/dL
➡️ Answer: C. 10–11.5 g/dL
3. Which of the following is monitored monthly to assess anemia in dialysis patients?
A. Urea reduction ratio (URR)
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Serum albumin
D. Hemoglobin (Hb)
➡️ Answer: D. Hemoglobin (Hb)
4. Serum phosphorus levels are usually checked in dialysis patients to monitor:
A. Bone mineral disease
B. Liver function
C. Anemia
D. Infections
➡️ Answer: A. Bone mineral disease
5. Which of the following laboratory values helps assess nutritional status in dialysis patients?
A. Serum potassium
B. Serum albumin
C. Serum creatinine
D. C-reactive protein
➡️ Answer: B. Serum albumin
6. Which test is used to evaluate the removal of small solutes like urea during dialysis?
A. Serum potassium
B. Kt/V or URR
C. Serum sodium
D. Hemoglobin
➡️ Answer: B. Kt/V or URR
7. Which of the following laboratory tests should be done at least quarterly in dialysis patients?
A. Iron studies
B. Blood cultures
C. Coagulation profile
D. Chest X-ray
➡️ Answer: A. Iron studies
8. High levels of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in dialysis patients may indicate:
A. Anemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
D. Fluid overload
➡️ Answer: C. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
9. Hyperkalemia in dialysis patients is most often monitored using which lab test?
A. Serum bicarbonate
B. Serum potassium
C. Serum calcium
D. Serum glucose
➡️ Answer: B. Serum potassium
10. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) is used to assess:
A. Dialysis efficiency
B. Iron availability for erythropoiesis
C. Inflammation
D. Calcium balance
➡️ Answer: B. Iron availability for erythropoiesis
11. Which of the following lab tests is commonly elevated in chronic kidney disease and reflects nitrogen waste buildup?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Creatinine
C. Urea (BUN)
D. Bilirubin
➡️ Answer: C. Urea (BUN)
12. The goal serum ferritin level in hemodialysis patients is typically:
A. <100 ng/mL
B. 200–500 ng/mL
C. >800 ng/mL
D. >1000 ng/mL
➡️ Answer: B. 200–500 ng/mL
(according to KDIGO/KDOQI guidelines)
13. An increase in serum bicarbonate levels post-dialysis reflects improvement in:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Anemia
D. Iron overload
➡️ Answer: B. Metabolic acidosis
14. Which of the following tests is used to monitor bone turnover in dialysis patients?
A. Serum phosphate
B. Serum potassium
C. Serum calcium
D. Intact PTH (iPTH)
➡️ Answer: D. Intact PTH (iPTH)
15. Monthly monitoring of serum potassium is important to:
A. Manage bone disease
B. Prevent arrhythmias
C. Detect infection
D. Control anemia
➡️ Answer: B. Prevent arrhythmias
16. What is the recommended frequency to check hemoglobin levels in stable dialysis patients?
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Yearly
➡️ Answer: C. Monthly
17. What does low serum albumin in a dialysis patient usually suggest?
A. Adequate nutrition
B. Iron overload
C. Inflammation or malnutrition
D. Fluid overload
➡️ Answer: C. Inflammation or malnutrition
18. A dialysis patient has consistently low TSAT and ferritin. This indicates:
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Iron deficiency
C. Protein-energy wasting
D. Erythropoietin resistance
➡️ Answer: B. Iron deficiency
19. Which blood marker is helpful in evaluating chronic inflammation in dialysis patients?
A. Ferritin
B. C-reactive protein (CRP)
C. Serum creatinine
D. Phosphate
➡️ Answer: B. C-reactive protein (CRP)
20. Which laboratory value is most closely related to the risk of sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Urea
C. Serum potassium
D. Albumin
➡️ Answer: C. Serum potassium