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✅ Indications for Dialysis (A.E.I.O.U.) – MCQs
1. The “A” in the AEIOU indications for dialysis stands for:
A. Acidosis
B. Anemia
C. Alkalosis
D. Ammonia overload
➡️ Answer: A. Acidosis
2. The “E” in AEIOU stands for:
A. Electrolyte loss
B. Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyperkalemia)
C. Edema
D. Elevated creatinine
➡️ Answer: B. Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyperkalemia)
3. Intractable metabolic acidosis (e.g., pH < 7.1) is an indication for dialysis because it can cause:
A. Increased oxygen saturation
B. Muscle gain
C. Cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure
D. Enhanced drug clearance
➡️ Answer: C. Cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure
4. Which condition under “I” in AEIOU is an indication for emergency dialysis?
A. Intestinal bleeding
B. Ingestion of toxins (e.g., lithium, ethylene glycol)
C. Irregular pulse
D. Irritable bowel
➡️ Answer: B. Ingestion of toxins (dialyzable substances)
5. Which electrolyte abnormality is an absolute indication for initiating dialysis?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Severe refractory hyperkalemia
➡️ Answer: D. Severe refractory hyperkalemia
6. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than:
A. 100 mL/day
B. 400 mL/day
C. 1000 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
➡️ Answer: B. 400 mL/day
7. The “U” in AEIOU stands for:
A. Urticaria
B. Uric acid rise
C. Uremia
D. Unstable creatinine
➡️ Answer: C. Uremia
8. Uremic complications that may indicate dialysis include all EXCEPT:
A. Pericarditis
B. Encephalopathy
C. Platelet dysfunction
D. Mild hypertension
➡️ Answer: D. Mild hypertension
9. A patient with severe uremia is likely to present with:
A. Elevated GFR
B. Improved appetite
C. Fatigue, confusion, pericardial rub
D. Bradycardia only
➡️ Answer: C. Fatigue, confusion, pericardial rub
10. Dialysis is most urgently indicated in which of the following situations?
A. Elevated creatinine only
B. Mild acidosis
C. Severe fluid overload with pulmonary edema unresponsive to diuretics
D. Stable potassium of 5.0 mmol/L
➡️ Answer: C. Severe fluid overload with pulmonary edema unresponsive to diuretics
11. Which of the following is the most life-threatening complication of severe hyperkalemia that dialysis can treat?
A. Nausea
B. Diarrhea
C. Cardiac arrhythmias
D. Muscle twitching
➡️ Answer: C. Cardiac arrhythmias
12. A patient presents with serum creatinine of 9.0 mg/dL but no symptoms. What is the next step?
A. Immediate dialysis
B. Monitor only symptoms and complications
C. Start antibiotics
D. Administer diuretics
➡️ Answer: B. Monitor only symptoms and complications
(Note: High creatinine alone isn’t an absolute indication for dialysis.)
13. Which of the following toxins is NOT typically removed effectively by dialysis?
A. Lithium
B. Ethylene glycol
C. Iron
D. Methanol
➡️ Answer: C. Iron
14. A patient with severe uremic encephalopathy may present with:
A. Seizures, confusion, asterixis
B. Hypotension only
C. Hyperactivity
D. Normal mental status
➡️ Answer: A. Seizures, confusion, asterixis
15. Which condition is a classic sign of volume overload needing dialysis?
A. Ascites
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Pedal edema alone
D. Elevated creatinine
➡️ Answer: B. Pulmonary edema
(Especially when unresponsive to diuretics.)
16. Dialysis should be initiated in acute kidney injury (AKI) when:
A. Creatinine exceeds 2.0 mg/dL
B. Urine output is normal
C. There is symptomatic uremia
D. Only when GFR is <5
➡️ Answer: C. There is symptomatic uremia
17. The “O” in AEIOU stands for:
A. Oliguria
B. Overload (volume/fluid overload)
C. Osmotic crisis
D. Onset of CKD
➡️ Answer: B. Overload (volume/fluid overload)
18. One of the earliest signs of uremia is:
A. Coma
B. Anemia
C. Uremic frost
D. Loss of appetite
➡️ Answer: D. Loss of appetite
19. A dialysis indication due to ingestion includes which of the following agents?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Digoxin
C. Methanol
D. Warfarin
➡️ Answer: C. Methanol
20. Which of the following statements is true about dialysis indications?
A. Creatinine level alone determines need for dialysis
B. Urine output must stop completely before starting dialysis
C. Dialysis is based on symptoms and biochemical derangements
D. GFR below 20 is always an emergency
➡️ Answer: C. Dialysis is based on symptoms and biochemical derangements
