✅ MCQs – Diet Counselling in ESRD (Hemodialysis Focus)
1. The main goal of dietary counseling in ESRD patients on dialysis is to:
A. Promote weight gain
B. Prevent muscle cramps
C. Maintain nutritional status and reduce uremic complications
D. Reduce protein intake to zero
➡️ Answer: C. Maintain nutritional status and reduce uremic complications
2. Protein recommendation for a stable hemodialysis patient is approximately:
A. 0.6 g/kg/day
B. 0.8 g/kg/day
C. 1.2 g/kg/day
D. 2.0 g/kg/day
➡️ Answer: C. 1.2 g/kg/day
(Higher due to protein loss during dialysis)
3. Which of the following nutrients should be restricted in ESRD patients?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
C. Potassium and phosphorus
D. Fiber
➡️ Answer: C. Potassium and phosphorus
4. Which of the following foods is high in potassium and usually avoided in ESRD diet?
A. White rice
B. Apples
C. Bananas
D. Chicken breast
➡️ Answer: C. Bananas
5. Hyperphosphatemia in ESRD patients can lead to:
A. Hair loss
B. Bone disease and vascular calcification
C. Low blood pressure
D. Vitamin C deficiency
➡️ Answer: B. Bone disease and vascular calcification
6. Sodium restriction in ESRD helps in controlling:
A. Blood sugar
B. Fluid overload and hypertension
C. Anemia
D. Bone loss
➡️ Answer: B. Fluid overload and hypertension
7. A food label indicates 400 mg of sodium per serving. For ESRD patients, this is considered:
A. Low sodium
B. High sodium
C. Moderate sodium
D. Safe for daily intake
➡️ Answer: B. High sodium
(Low sodium foods typically have <140 mg per serving)
8. The daily fluid intake for a patient on hemodialysis is generally restricted to:
A. 1.5–2.0 L/day
B. 500 mL + urine output
C. 3.0–4.0 L/day
D. No fluid restriction
➡️ Answer: B. 500 mL + urine output
9. Which food is safe for a renal diet (low in potassium and phosphorus)?
A. Avocado
B. Watermelon
C. Cauliflower
D. Sweet potatoes
➡️ Answer: C. Cauliflower
10. Which of the following is a common nutrition-related complication in ESRD?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Protein-energy wasting (PEW)
C. Obesity
D. Iron overload
➡️ Answer: B. Protein-energy wasting (PEW)
✅ MCQs – Diet Counselling in ESRD (Set 2)
11. Which phosphate binder is commonly prescribed to control phosphorus levels in ESRD patients?
A. Furosemide
B. Sevelamer
C. Calcium gluconate
D. Sodium bicarbonate
➡️ Answer: B. Sevelamer
12. Which of the following fruits is considered low in potassium and suitable in moderation for ESRD patients?
A. Orange
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. Mango
➡️ Answer: C. Apple
13. Why are high-phosphorus foods like nuts and cola discouraged in ESRD?
A. They raise potassium levels
B. They increase blood sugar
C. They can worsen secondary hyperparathyroidism
D. They are high in sodium
➡️ Answer: C. They can worsen secondary hyperparathyroidism
14. Which symptom is commonly associated with fluid overload in dialysis patients?
A. Hypotension
B. Shortness of breath
C. Constipation
D. Joint pain
➡️ Answer: B. Shortness of breath
15. ESRD patients are advised to avoid processed and canned foods because they are often:
A. High in vitamins
B. High in sodium and phosphorus additives
C. Contaminated
D. Hard to digest
➡️ Answer: B. High in sodium and phosphorus additives
16. A dialysis patient is advised to increase protein intake. Which of the following is a high biological value protein source?
A. Beans
B. Tofu
C. Egg white
D. Brown rice
➡️ Answer: C. Egg white
(High biological value = easily absorbed and utilized proteins)
17. What is the recommended energy intake (calories) for a stable adult ESRD patient on hemodialysis?
A. 15–20 kcal/kg/day
B. 20–25 kcal/kg/day
C. 25–35 kcal/kg/day
D. >40 kcal/kg/day
➡️ Answer: C. 25–35 kcal/kg/day
18. A common reason for anorexia in ESRD patients is:
A. Depression
B. Uremic toxins
C. Medication side effects
D. All of the above
➡️ Answer: D. All of the above
19. Which micronutrient may require supplementation in dialysis due to losses during treatment?
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Water-soluble vitamins (B complex, C)
➡️ Answer: D. Water-soluble vitamins (B complex, C)
20. Which of the following is true regarding potassium restriction in ESRD patients?
A. Cooking vegetables does not reduce potassium
B. Leaching vegetables in water helps reduce potassium content
C. All fruits are safe in unlimited amounts
D. Low potassium intake causes anemia
➡️ Answer: B. Leaching vegetables in water helps reduce potassium content
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