✅ Dialysis Delivery System (Hemodialysis Machine) – MCQ Set 1
1. The primary function of the hemodialysis delivery system is to:
A. Regulate blood pressure
B. Remove blood from the patient and deliver dialysate
C. Generate bicarbonate
D. Monitor hemoglobin levels
✅ Correct answer: B
2. What is the role of the dialysate proportioning system in the dialysis machine?
A. Removes waste from the dialysate
B. Warms the blood before return
C. Mixes acid, bicarbonate, and water in the correct ratio
D. Adds anticoagulants to blood
✅ Correct answer: C
3. The blood pump on a hemodialysis machine:
A. Adds dialysate into the blood line
B. Controls ultrafiltration
C. Moves blood through the extracorporeal circuit
D. Monitors conductivity
✅ Correct answer: C
4. Which part of the HD machine monitors for air in the bloodline?
A. Pressure sensor
B. Venous clamp
C. Conductivity meter
D. Air detector
✅ Correct answer: D
5. A key component that removes excess fluid during dialysis is:
A. Ultrafiltration pump
B. Blood leak detector
C. Conductivity sensor
D. Arterial pressure monitor
✅ Correct answer: A
6. The dialysate used in the HD machine typically contains:
A. High potassium and no sodium
B. No electrolytes
C. Electrolytes matched to patient needs
D. Sterile water only
✅ Correct answer: C
7. The arterial pressure monitor in the machine is positioned:
A. After the dialyzer
B. Before the blood pump
C. In the air trap
D. Near the saline bag
✅ Correct answer: B
8. The venous pressure monitor helps to:
A. Prevent backflow of blood
B. Detect clotting or kinks after dialyzer
C. Regulate dialysate temperature
D. Control heparin dosing
✅ Correct answer: B
9. What happens when the conductivity of dialysate is out of range?
A. Blood flow increases
B. Dialysis stops and alarm sounds
C. UF rate is increased
D. Bloodline disconnects
✅ Correct answer: B
10. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) reflects the pressure:
A. Across the blood and dialysate compartments of the dialyzer
B. Between arterial and venous chambers
C. Between patient and machine
D. In the ultrafiltration pump
✅ Correct answer: A
11. The hemodialysis machine automatically shuts down dialysate flow when:
A. Blood pressure drops
B. Conductivity or temperature is out of range
C. Patient is late for session
D. Blood flow rate is high
✅ Correct answer: B
12. What is the normal range for dialysate temperature during treatment?
A. 35–37°C
B. 33–35°C
C. 38–40°C
D. 28–30°C
✅ Correct answer: A
13. The function of the blood leak detector is to:
A. Detect clotting in the venous chamber
B. Check pressure in the extracorporeal circuit
C. Detect red blood cells crossing the dialyzer membrane
D. Monitor oxygen levels in blood
✅ Correct answer: C
14. If the heparin pump malfunctions during dialysis, the immediate action is to:
A. Stop dialysis
B. Give more saline
C. Manually inject heparin per protocol
D. Increase blood flow rate
✅ Correct answer: C
15. Which of the following components directly controls ultrafiltration (UF) in modern dialysis machines?
A. Blood pump
B. Ultrafiltration control pump
C. Air trap
D. TMP alarm
✅ Correct answer: B
16. A high venous pressure alarm is usually caused by:
A. Arterial line disconnection
B. Patient movement
C. Clotting or kink after the dialyzer
D. Dialysate temperature drop
✅ Correct answer: C
17. What component of the machine warms the dialysate before it enters the dialyzer?
A. Pressure chamber
B. Heat exchanger
C. Blood pump
D. Ultrafiltration controller
✅ Correct answer: B
18. What should be checked first if a “conductivity low” alarm occurs?
A. Blood pump speed
B. Temperature sensor
C. Dialysate mixing (acid/base ratios and RO water supply)
D. Venous pressure
✅ Correct answer: C
19. Disinfection of the dialysis machine should be performed:
A. Weekly only
B. Only when alarms occur
C. Daily or after every treatment per unit protocol
D. Monthly
✅ Correct answer: C
20. What is the purpose of the UF (ultrafiltration) profile function in some dialysis machines?
A. Randomize fluid removal
B. Maintain high TMP
C. Vary fluid removal rate to reduce hypotension
D. Adjust dialysate sodium
✅ Correct answer: C
21. What should be done before starting each dialysis treatment?
A. Only check the UF settings
B. Calibrate the blood pump
C. Complete machine self-test and safety checks
D. Increase dialysate flow
✅ Correct answer: C
22. What is the function of the venous clamp in the dialysis machine?
A. Controls arterial blood return
B. Clamps the venous line when an air bubble is detected
C. Prevents clotting in the dialyzer
D. Measures TMP
✅ Correct answer: B
23. An arterial pressure alarm reading of -250 mmHg suggests:
A. A normal functioning system
B. Hypotension
C. Kinked tubing or poor access flow before the blood pump
D. Air in the bloodline
✅ Correct answer: C
24. The dialysate conductivity is most closely related to:
A. Blood pH
B. Sodium concentration
C. Ultrafiltration rate
D. Potassium level
✅ Correct answer: B
25. Why is the dialysis machine grounded electrically?
A. For temperature control
B. To prevent static pressure
C. For safety from electrical shocks
D. To improve water conductivity
✅ Correct answer: C
26. The TMP (transmembrane pressure) alarm helps detect:
A. Bacterial contamination
B. Arterial pressure drops
C. Excessive filtration or clotting in the dialyzer
D. Heparin overdose
✅ Correct answer: C
27. What is the purpose of the flow pump in a dialysis machine?
A. Increase blood speed
B. Adjust dialysate flow rate
C. Push air into dialysate
D. Recycle bicarbonate
✅ Correct answer: B
28. Which alarm condition requires immediate termination of dialysis?
A. Low blood flow
B. Blood leak detected
C. Low conductivity
D. High venous pressure
✅ Correct answer: B
29. If a “dialysate temperature high” alarm occurs, the machine will typically:
A. Switch to bypass mode
B. Continue dialysis with cooling
C. Lower blood flow
D. Stop ultrafiltration
✅ Correct answer: A
30. During disinfection, the machine should be connected to:
A. The patient
B. Dialysate acid concentrate
C. RO water supply and drain
D. Backup battery
✅ Correct answer: C
31. A “no flow” alarm on the dialysate side usually means:
A. Blood leak in dialyzer
B. Low blood pressure
C. Blocked dialysate path or pump malfunction
D. Excess heparin
✅ Correct answer: C
32. A properly functioning air detector will activate an alarm when:
A. TMP rises
B. Heparin is administered
C. Air is present in the venous line
D. Bicarbonate level drops
✅ Correct answer: C
33. What is the primary cause of a positive blood leak alarm?
A. Kinked tubing
B. Dialysate over-temperature
C. Membrane rupture in the dialyzer
D. Ultrafiltration too low
✅ Correct answer: C
34. When is the dialyzer priming usually done?
A. After inserting needles
B. Before patient connection
C. During dialysis
D. After treatment ends
✅ Correct answer: B
35. What should you check if you receive a "low-level bicarbonate" alarm?
A. Dialysate flow
B. Acid concentrate level
C. Bicarbonate jug/container
D. Arterial pressure
✅ Correct answer: C
36. The main purpose of the conductivity test on the HD machine is to:
A. Measure blood glucose
B. Monitor protein levels
C. Ensure correct electrolyte mix in dialysate
D. Detect bacteria
✅ Correct answer: C
37. Which of the following ensures no backflow of dialysate into the blood?
A. TMP alarm
B. Ultrafilter
C. Check valves in dialyzer
D. Conductivity sensor
✅ Correct answer: C
38. “Bypass mode” in the dialysis machine is activated to:
A. Increase blood flow
B. Allow dialysate flow during alarms
C. Stop dialysate from entering the dialyzer during unsafe conditions
D. Flush bloodlines
✅ Correct answer: C
39. What might cause a sudden drop in arterial pressure during dialysis?
A. Disconnection or needle dislodgement
B. High TMP
C. Blood pump malfunction
D. Heparin overdose
✅ Correct answer: A
40. The component of the dialysis machine responsible for heating the dialysate is called the:
A. Thermostat
B. Heat exchanger or heater plate
C. Warming coil
D. Diathermic probe
✅ Correct answer: B
41. What happens when the venous pressure exceeds the set high limit?
A. Blood pump increases speed
B. Venous clamp closes, and machine alarms
C. Machine switches to bypass
D. Air detector shuts down
✅ Correct answer: B
42. Dialysis machines are programmed to automatically stop treatment when:
A. Arterial pressure becomes too low
B. Patient feels dizzy
C. Heparin finishes
D. Ultrafiltration goal is reached
✅ Correct answer: D
43. A “dialysate flow error” is most commonly due to:
A. Too much bicarbonate
B. Poor water supply or blocked filter
C. Bloodline clot
D. Low blood pressure
✅ Correct answer: B
44. Why is it important to monitor the heparin pump during treatment?
A. To prevent air entry
B. To ensure accurate anticoagulant delivery
C. To monitor venous pressure
D. To increase UF rate
✅ Correct answer: B
45. If the conductivity is too high, the dialysate may cause:
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia and fluid retention
D. Hypoglycemia
✅ Correct answer: C
46. A sudden drop in venous pressure may indicate:
A. Clotting in dialyzer
B. Air in dialysate
C. Dislodged venous needle
D. High TMP
✅ Correct answer: C
47. When testing the machine before a session, what must be confirmed about the UF pump?
A. It’s full of dialysate
B. It’s not making noise
C. It’s calibrated and functioning properly
D. It’s pumping air
✅ Correct answer: C
48. During dialysis, the air detector is located:
A. On the arterial bloodline
B. In the dialysate outlet
C. On the venous return line
D. In the bicarbonate line
✅ Correct answer: C
49. To prevent bacterial contamination, dialysis machines must be disinfected with:
A. Normal saline
B. Cold water
C. Chemical disinfectant or heat disinfection per protocol
D. Bloodline rinsing
✅ Correct answer: C
50. Dialysis machines are tested for all of the following before use EXCEPT:
A. Conductivity
B. pH of dialysate
C. Blood flow accuracy
D. Temperature
✅ Correct answer: C
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