31. A dialysis patient asks if they can eat bananas daily. Your best response is:
A. “Yes, they are great for energy.”
B. “Only in moderation—bananas are high in potassium.”
C. “Only if taken with extra salt.”
D. “Yes, but only on dialysis days.”
✅ Correct answer: B
32. A patient is gaining 3 kg between dialysis sessions. What dietary advice is most appropriate?
A. Increase protein intake
B. Decrease potassium-rich foods
C. Limit sodium and fluid intake
D. Eat more carbohydrates
✅ Correct answer: C
33. During a nutrition counseling session, a patient asks if they can drink cola daily. What is your advice?
A. “Yes, it has no fat.”
B. “No, cola contains added phosphorus.”
C. “Only if you have high blood pressure.”
D. “Yes, but dilute it with water.”
✅ Correct answer: B
34. A dialysis patient frequently eats processed meats. What complication are they at increased risk for?
A. Low potassium
B. Hypotension
C. High sodium and phosphorus levels
D. Dehydration
✅ Correct answer: C
35. A vegetarian dialysis patient is losing weight and muscle. What is the best protein advice?
A. “Avoid protein to reduce waste.”
B. “Add high-biological-value protein like eggs and dairy if possible.”
C. “Rely only on fruits and vegetables.”
D. “Switch to high-fat foods.”
✅ Correct answer: B
36. A dialysis patient reports constant itching. Lab tests show high phosphorus. What’s the next best action?
A. Stop dialysis temporarily
B. Reduce potassium intake
C. Review diet and phosphate binder compliance
D. Drink more fluids
✅ Correct answer: C
37. A patient asks if they can eat oranges and drink orange juice daily. What is your answer?
A. “Yes, it's healthy and hydrating.”
B. “No, both are high in potassium and should be limited.”
C. “Yes, if you take phosphate binders.”
D. “Only after dialysis sessions.”
✅ Correct answer: B
38. You observe a patient skipping meals due to poor appetite. Which recommendation is best?
A. “Skip meals until you feel hungry.”
B. “Eat small, protein-rich snacks throughout the day.”
C. “Eat sugary snacks to boost energy.”
D. “Reduce protein intake until appetite improves.”
✅ Correct answer: B
39. A dialysis patient is constipated due to fluid and fiber restrictions. What is a suitable advice?
A. “Eat bananas and drink more juice.”
B. “Increase fiber with allowed fruits and use stool softeners if needed.”
C. “Take laxatives daily.”
D. “Stop phosphate binders.”
✅ Correct answer: B
40. A patient asks why fluid must be restricted even when not feeling thirsty. You respond:
A. “Because your kidneys still make urine.”
B. “Because dialysis removes all fluid.”
C. “Because fluid can build up between sessions, causing heart and lung strain.”
D. “Because fluids make you sleepy.”
✅ Correct answer: C
41. True or False: All fruits are safe to eat in large quantities on dialysis.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B
Many fruits (e.g., bananas, oranges, avocados) are high in potassium and must be limited.
42. True or False: Dialysis patients need less protein to avoid waste buildup.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B
They actually need more protein to replace what is lost during dialysis.
43. Which of the following statements is a myth?
A. “Too much sodium can cause fluid retention.”
B. “Processed foods may contain hidden phosphorus.”
C. “You can drink as much fluid as you want because dialysis will remove it.”
D. “High-protein foods help prevent muscle loss.”
✅ Correct answer: C
44. True or False: Drinking cola and soft drinks with phosphate additives can increase phosphorus levels.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A
45. Which of the following is not a good practice for dialysis patients?
A. Reading food labels for sodium and phosphorus content
B. Taking phosphate binders with meals
C. Drinking more than 1.5–2 L fluid per day regardless of advice
D. Asking the dietitian before changing the diet
✅ Correct answer: C
46. True or False: Eating salty foods can increase thirst and fluid overload.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A
47. Which of the following food combinations is not dialysis-friendly?
A. White rice + chicken + apple
B. Boiled potatoes + fried fish + grapes
C. Baked egg + toast + green beans
D. Pasta + lean beef + cabbage
✅ Correct answer: B
Potatoes and fried foods can be high in potassium and fat.
48. True or False: All dairy products are safe and encouraged on a dialysis diet.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B
Many dairy products are high in phosphorus and potassium and must be limited.
49. A patient says, “I avoid all protein to keep my kidneys from working too hard.” Your response should be:
A. “That's good, keep it up.”
B. “Actually, you need more protein to stay strong during dialysis.”
C. “Try to avoid carbohydrates instead.”
D. “Drink more fluids instead.”
✅ Correct answer: B
50. True or False: Eggs, lean meats, and some fish are good protein sources for dialysis patients.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A
51. A dialysis patient wants to replace high-potassium bananas in their smoothie. What’s a better option?
A. Avocado
B. Apple
C. Mango
D. Orange
✅ Correct answer: B
52. Which nutrient is most often restricted in dialysis patients due to risk of mineral imbalance?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Phosphorus
D. Vitamin B12
✅ Correct answer: C
53. When reading food labels, which ingredient should dialysis patients watch for as a hidden phosphorus additive?
A. Potassium chloride
B. Calcium carbonate
C. Sodium phosphate
D. Ascorbic acid
✅ Correct answer: C
54. A good lunch choice for a dialysis patient would be:
A. Grilled chicken sandwich on white bread, cucumber slices, and water
B. Ham sandwich on whole grain bread, orange juice
C. Fried fish with mashed potatoes and coleslaw
D. Cheese pizza with tomato sauce
✅ Correct answer: A
55. A patient is asking about herbal supplements. What’s the correct advice?
A. All herbal products are safe
B. Herbal supplements are natural and don’t affect dialysis
C. Some herbs can interfere with medications or harm kidneys—always consult your care team
D. Herbs are only dangerous when taken in large amounts
✅ Correct answer: C
56. Which dessert is best suited for a dialysis patient with potassium restriction?
A. Chocolate pudding
B. Ice cream with nuts
C. Apple pie (small slice)
D. Banana split
✅ Correct answer: C
57. Dialysis patients are advised to limit whole grains and bran products because they are:
A. Too high in sugar
B. Too high in phosphorus and potassium
C. Low in fiber
D. Difficult to digest
✅ Correct answer: B
58. What type of fat is healthiest for dialysis patients to use in cooking?
A. Butter
B. Lard
C. Trans fat
D. Olive oil or canola oil
✅ Correct answer: D
59. Which food item would best increase protein intake without adding too much phosphorus?
A. Egg white
B. Peanut butter
C. Cheese
D. Lentils
✅ Correct answer: A
60. If a dialysis patient insists on drinking milk, what’s the best strategy?
A. Allow unlimited intake
B. Suggest a low-phosphorus milk alternative and monitor potassium
C. Encourage milk with every meal
D. Replace milk with cola
✅ Correct answer: B
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