MAC.DIALYSIS

Monday, 4 June 2012

Monday, 21 May 2012

Sunday, 20 May 2012

Wednesday, 9 May 2012

Eat Right to Feel Right On Dialysis.Part 2

Eat Right to Feel Right on Dialysis – MCQs

1. Why is nutrition especially important for patients on dialysis?
A. It helps them gain weight quickly
B. It helps manage blood pressure only
C. It supports energy levels, maintains muscle, and reduces complications
D. It helps stop dialysis permanently
✅ Correct answer: C

2. Which nutrient should be limited in a dialysis patient’s diet due to risk of hyperkalemia?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Iron
D. Fiber
✅ Correct answer: B

3. High phosphorus levels in dialysis patients can lead to:
A. Hair loss
B. Stronger bones
C. Itchy skin and bone disease
D. Weight gain
✅ Correct answer: C

4. Which food is high in potassium and usually limited in a dialysis diet?
A. Apple
B. Cabbage
C. Banana
D. White rice
✅ Correct answer: C

5. Why is protein intake increased in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals?
A. Protein causes less waste
B. Protein helps lower phosphorus
C. Dialysis removes protein waste; more is needed to prevent muscle loss
D. High protein lowers blood sugar
✅ Correct answer: C

6. What is the recommended protein source for a dialysis patient?
A. Processed meats
B. Red beans
C. Eggs and lean meats
D. Ice cream
✅ Correct answer: C

7. Fluid intake for dialysis patients should be:
A. Unlimited
B. Based on thirst only
C. Limited to prevent fluid overload and swelling
D. Reduced only on non-dialysis days
✅ Correct answer: C

8. A common sign of excess fluid intake in a dialysis patient is:
A. Fever
B. Hair loss
C. Swollen legs, high blood pressure, and shortness of breath
D. Low urine output only
✅ Correct answer: C

9. Which of the following is a low phosphorus food?
A. Cheese
B. Nuts
C. Chicken breast
D. Cola drinks
✅ Correct answer: C

10. Why should dialysis patients avoid salt (sodium) in large amounts?
A. It causes nausea
B. It increases urine production
C. It can cause high blood pressure and fluid retention
D. It prevents phosphate absorption
✅ Correct answer: C

11. Which of the following foods is typically high in phosphorus and should be limited?
A. Chicken breast
B. Soft drinks with phosphates (e.g., cola)
C. Apples
D. Cucumber
✅ Correct answer: B

12. Why should dialysis patients limit dairy intake?
A. It’s high in fat only
B. It can increase fluid loss
C. It contains high amounts of phosphorus and potassium
D. It lowers iron absorption
✅ Correct answer: C

13. What type of bread is usually better for a dialysis diet?
A. Whole grain bread
B. Bran bread
C. White bread
D. Multigrain bread
✅ Correct answer: C
(White bread has less phosphorus and potassium than whole grain or bran breads.)

14. What is a safe fruit choice for dialysis patients watching potassium intake?
A. Orange
B. Banana
C. Grapes
D. Mango
✅ Correct answer: C

15. A dialysis patient should choose which of the following snacks?
A. Salted peanuts
B. Potato chips
C. Unsalted popcorn
D. Dried apricots
✅ Correct answer: C

16. Which of these is a hidden source of phosphorus in processed foods?
A. Baking soda
B. Phosphate additives (e.g., sodium phosphate)
C. Cornstarch
D. Vinegar
✅ Correct answer: B

17. How can dialysis patients reduce potassium in vegetables like potatoes or carrots?
A. Fry them
B. Steam them
C. Soak and double-boil (leaching)
D. Add salt
✅ Correct answer: C

18. Which vitamin is often supplemented in dialysis patients due to losses during treatment?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D and B-complex
D. Vitamin K
✅ Correct answer: C

19. Which food is a high-protein, low-phosphorus option suitable for dialysis?
A. Sardines
B. Skinless chicken breast
C. Cheese
D. Lentils
✅ Correct answer: B

20. What is one tip to help dialysis patients control thirst?
A. Eat salty snacks
B. Sip fluids slowly and use ice chips
C. Avoid all fluids
D. Drink large amounts in the morning only
✅ Correct answer: B

21. What happens if a dialysis patient regularly eats foods high in potassium?
A. They get more energy
B. It can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems
C. It helps cleanse the kidneys
D. It improves appetite
✅ Correct answer: B

22. A patient on dialysis complains of fatigue. Which of the following dietary factors might be contributing?
A. Low potassium intake
B. Excessive protein
C. Poor fluid restriction
D. Low protein or iron intake
✅ Correct answer: D

23. Which cooking method can help reduce phosphorus and potassium content in food?
A. Deep frying
B. Grilling
C. Double boiling or leaching
D. Baking
✅ Correct answer: C

24. A good breakfast option for a dialysis patient would be:
A. Bran cereal with milk and bananas
B. White bread toast with egg and apple slices
C. Yogurt and orange juice
D. Peanut butter on multigrain toast
✅ Correct answer: B

25. Which of the following is a low-sodium seasoning option?
A. Soy sauce
B. Table salt
C. Lemon juice and fresh herbs
D. Salted margarine
✅ Correct answer: C

26. Phosphate binders are prescribed to dialysis patients to:
A. Increase appetite
B. Help remove excess potassium
C. Prevent phosphorus from being absorbed from food
D. Improve digestion
✅ Correct answer: C

27. A dialysis patient is following their diet well but still has high phosphorus. What might be the reason?
A. Skipping phosphate binders during meals
B. Low protein intake
C. Drinking too much water
D. Eating too little potassium
✅ Correct answer: A

28. When should phosphate binders be taken?
A. On an empty stomach
B. At bedtime only
C. Right before or with meals
D. After dialysis sessions
✅ Correct answer: C

29. Which of the following is not recommended as a regular beverage for dialysis patients?
A. Water (in limited amount)
B. Apple juice
C. Orange juice
D. Black coffee (in moderation)
✅ Correct answer: C

30. Why is it important to control phosphorus levels in dialysis patients?
A. To prevent diabetes
B. To avoid kidney stones
C. To prevent weak bones and heart problems
D. To help increase potassium
✅ Correct answer: C

Friday, 4 May 2012

Eat Right to Feel Right On Dialysis.Part 1

Full Text:click here

31. A dialysis patient asks if they can eat bananas daily. Your best response is:
A. “Yes, they are great for energy.”
B. “Only in moderation—bananas are high in potassium.”
C. “Only if taken with extra salt.”
D. “Yes, but only on dialysis days.”
✅ Correct answer: B

32. A patient is gaining 3 kg between dialysis sessions. What dietary advice is most appropriate?
A. Increase protein intake
B. Decrease potassium-rich foods
C. Limit sodium and fluid intake
D. Eat more carbohydrates
✅ Correct answer: C

33. During a nutrition counseling session, a patient asks if they can drink cola daily. What is your advice?
A. “Yes, it has no fat.”
B. “No, cola contains added phosphorus.”
C. “Only if you have high blood pressure.”
D. “Yes, but dilute it with water.”
✅ Correct answer: B

34. A dialysis patient frequently eats processed meats. What complication are they at increased risk for?
A. Low potassium
B. Hypotension
C. High sodium and phosphorus levels
D. Dehydration
✅ Correct answer: C

35. A vegetarian dialysis patient is losing weight and muscle. What is the best protein advice?
A. “Avoid protein to reduce waste.”
B. “Add high-biological-value protein like eggs and dairy if possible.”
C. “Rely only on fruits and vegetables.”
D. “Switch to high-fat foods.”
✅ Correct answer: B

36. A dialysis patient reports constant itching. Lab tests show high phosphorus. What’s the next best action?
A. Stop dialysis temporarily
B. Reduce potassium intake
C. Review diet and phosphate binder compliance
D. Drink more fluids
✅ Correct answer: C

37. A patient asks if they can eat oranges and drink orange juice daily. What is your answer?
A. “Yes, it's healthy and hydrating.”
B. “No, both are high in potassium and should be limited.”
C. “Yes, if you take phosphate binders.”
D. “Only after dialysis sessions.”
✅ Correct answer: B

38. You observe a patient skipping meals due to poor appetite. Which recommendation is best?
A. “Skip meals until you feel hungry.”
B. “Eat small, protein-rich snacks throughout the day.”
C. “Eat sugary snacks to boost energy.”
D. “Reduce protein intake until appetite improves.”
✅ Correct answer: B

39. A dialysis patient is constipated due to fluid and fiber restrictions. What is a suitable advice?
A. “Eat bananas and drink more juice.”
B. “Increase fiber with allowed fruits and use stool softeners if needed.”
C. “Take laxatives daily.”
D. “Stop phosphate binders.”
✅ Correct answer: B

40. A patient asks why fluid must be restricted even when not feeling thirsty. You respond:
A. “Because your kidneys still make urine.”
B. “Because dialysis removes all fluid.”
C. “Because fluid can build up between sessions, causing heart and lung strain.”
D. “Because fluids make you sleepy.”
✅ Correct answer: C

41. True or False: All fruits are safe to eat in large quantities on dialysis.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B

Many fruits (e.g., bananas, oranges, avocados) are high in potassium and must be limited.

42. True or False: Dialysis patients need less protein to avoid waste buildup.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B

They actually need more protein to replace what is lost during dialysis.

43. Which of the following statements is a myth?
A. “Too much sodium can cause fluid retention.”
B. “Processed foods may contain hidden phosphorus.”
C. “You can drink as much fluid as you want because dialysis will remove it.”
D. “High-protein foods help prevent muscle loss.”
✅ Correct answer: C

44. True or False: Drinking cola and soft drinks with phosphate additives can increase phosphorus levels.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A

45. Which of the following is not a good practice for dialysis patients?
A. Reading food labels for sodium and phosphorus content
B. Taking phosphate binders with meals
C. Drinking more than 1.5–2 L fluid per day regardless of advice
D. Asking the dietitian before changing the diet
✅ Correct answer: C

46. True or False: Eating salty foods can increase thirst and fluid overload.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A

47. Which of the following food combinations is not dialysis-friendly?
A. White rice + chicken + apple
B. Boiled potatoes + fried fish + grapes
C. Baked egg + toast + green beans
D. Pasta + lean beef + cabbage
✅ Correct answer: B

Potatoes and fried foods can be high in potassium and fat.

48. True or False: All dairy products are safe and encouraged on a dialysis diet.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: B

Many dairy products are high in phosphorus and potassium and must be limited.

49. A patient says, “I avoid all protein to keep my kidneys from working too hard.” Your response should be:
A. “That's good, keep it up.”
B. “Actually, you need more protein to stay strong during dialysis.”
C. “Try to avoid carbohydrates instead.”
D. “Drink more fluids instead.”
✅ Correct answer: B

50. True or False: Eggs, lean meats, and some fish are good protein sources for dialysis patients.
A. True
B. False
✅ Correct answer: A

51. A dialysis patient wants to replace high-potassium bananas in their smoothie. What’s a better option?
A. Avocado
B. Apple
C. Mango
D. Orange
✅ Correct answer: B

52. Which nutrient is most often restricted in dialysis patients due to risk of mineral imbalance?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Phosphorus
D. Vitamin B12
✅ Correct answer: C

53. When reading food labels, which ingredient should dialysis patients watch for as a hidden phosphorus additive?
A. Potassium chloride
B. Calcium carbonate
C. Sodium phosphate
D. Ascorbic acid
✅ Correct answer: C

54. A good lunch choice for a dialysis patient would be:
A. Grilled chicken sandwich on white bread, cucumber slices, and water
B. Ham sandwich on whole grain bread, orange juice
C. Fried fish with mashed potatoes and coleslaw
D. Cheese pizza with tomato sauce
✅ Correct answer: A

55. A patient is asking about herbal supplements. What’s the correct advice?
A. All herbal products are safe
B. Herbal supplements are natural and don’t affect dialysis
C. Some herbs can interfere with medications or harm kidneys—always consult your care team
D. Herbs are only dangerous when taken in large amounts
✅ Correct answer: C

56. Which dessert is best suited for a dialysis patient with potassium restriction?
A. Chocolate pudding
B. Ice cream with nuts
C. Apple pie (small slice)
D. Banana split
✅ Correct answer: C

57. Dialysis patients are advised to limit whole grains and bran products because they are:
A. Too high in sugar
B. Too high in phosphorus and potassium
C. Low in fiber
D. Difficult to digest
✅ Correct answer: B

58. What type of fat is healthiest for dialysis patients to use in cooking?
A. Butter
B. Lard
C. Trans fat
D. Olive oil or canola oil
✅ Correct answer: D

59. Which food item would best increase protein intake without adding too much phosphorus?
A. Egg white
B. Peanut butter
C. Cheese
D. Lentils
✅ Correct answer: A

60. If a dialysis patient insists on drinking milk, what’s the best strategy?
A. Allow unlimited intake
B. Suggest a low-phosphorus milk alternative and monitor potassium
C. Encourage milk with every meal
D. Replace milk with cola
✅ Correct answer: B

Thursday, 19 April 2012

Hemodialysis Machine - Common Alarm Signals & Its Management

Full text:click here

Hemodialysis Machine – Common Alarm Signals & Their Management (Set 1)

1. The most common reason for a venous pressure high alarm is:
A. Kinked blood tubing after the dialyzer
B. Arterial needle dislodgement
C. Low blood flow rate
D. Air detected in venous chamber
✅ Correct answer: A

2. What is the appropriate first step when the arterial pressure alarm is low?
A. Flush the dialyzer
B. Check for needle dislodgement or loose connections
C. Increase the blood flow rate
D. Call the nephrologist immediately
✅ Correct answer: B

3. An air bubble detector alarm activates. What is your immediate action?
A. Clamp the arterial line
B. Clamp the venous line and stop the blood pump
C. Increase the heparin dose
D. Adjust the dialysate temperature
✅ Correct answer: B

4. High transmembrane pressure (TMP) alarm may be caused by:
A. Blood leak
B. Dialysate pump failure
C. Clotted dialyzer
D. Air in arterial chamber
✅ Correct answer: C

5. The machine alarm sounds for 'Conductivity Out of Range'. What should you check first?
A. Blood flow rate
B. Dialyzer temperature
C. Dialysate mixing system
D. Heparin line
✅ Correct answer: C

6. A blood leak alarm indicates:
A. Patient has internal bleeding
B. Blood is leaking from the venous chamber
C. Dialyzer membrane is compromised
D. There is air in the arterial line
✅ Correct answer: C

7. If the venous pressure drops suddenly, what should you suspect?
A. Kinked line
B. Needle infiltration or disconnection
C. Clotting in dialyzer
D. Low blood flow rate
✅ Correct answer: B

8. When a 'Temperature Out of Range' alarm occurs, your action should be to:
A. Check and adjust the dialysate heater
B. Increase dialysate flow
C. Lower the blood pump speed
D. Change the dialyzer
✅ Correct answer: A

9. If the UF (ultrafiltration) control alarm is triggered, what is a likely cause?
A. Blood flow is too fast
B. Target UF goal has been exceeded
C. Arterial pressure is too high
D. Patient is hypotensive
✅ Correct answer: B

10. A ‘No Flow Detected’ alarm on the blood pump could be due to:
A. Low dialysate conductivity
B. Blood line disconnection or occlusion
C. Incorrect dialyzer priming
D. Clotted venous chamber
✅ Correct answer: B

11. What does a sudden increase in arterial pressure alarm likely indicate?
A. Venous needle dislodgement
B. Kinked arterial bloodline or needle occlusion
C. Excessive fluid removal
D. Dialysate temperature too high
✅ Correct answer: B

12. A patient moves and the machine suddenly alarms for “venous pressure low.” What should you check first?
A. Dialysate pH
B. Blood leak detector
C. Disconnection or dislodgement of venous needle
D. Dialyzer clotting
✅ Correct answer: C

13. A dialysate flow alarm usually indicates a malfunction in which part of the system?
A. Blood pump
B. Arterial line
C. Dialysate pump or delivery system
D. Air detector
✅ Correct answer: C

14. What action is most appropriate when a 'blood leak' alarm is triggered during treatment?
A. Stop the blood pump and return blood
B. Ignore if patient is stable
C. Flush the dialyzer
D. Increase ultrafiltration
✅ Correct answer: A

15. Which alarm is triggered by increased resistance across the dialyzer membrane?
A. Blood leak
B. Venous pressure high
C. TMP (Transmembrane Pressure) high
D. Air detector
✅ Correct answer: C

16. What is the next step after confirming an actual blood leak?
A. Continue dialysis but slow blood flow
B. Stop dialysis, discard circuit, report incident
C. Recalibrate the blood leak sensor
D. Administer heparin
✅ Correct answer: B

17. The conductivity reading is out of range. What could happen to the patient if dialysis continues?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia or hypernatremia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
✅ Correct answer: B

18. An alarm shows “air detected in venous line.” What is the first thing you must do?
A. Increase blood flow
B. Clamp venous line and stop pump immediately
C. Reset the machine
D. Silence the alarm and observe
✅ Correct answer: B

19. High venous pressure during dialysis could be caused by all EXCEPT:
A. Poor vascular access
B. Clotted dialyzer
C. Air in bloodline
D. Kinked tubing post-dialyzer
✅ Correct answer: C

20. A blood pump stops and displays a “door open” alarm. What should you check?
A. Clamp all lines
B. Check arterial pressure
C. Close and lock the blood pump door properly
D. Re-prime the dialyzer
✅ Correct answer: C

21. What is the primary cause of an arterial pressure too low alarm?
A. Dislodged venous needle
B. Patient hypotension
C. Inadequate blood flow or poor arterial access
D. Dialyzer clotting
✅ Correct answer: C

22. What can cause a high dialysate temperature alarm?
A. UF goal exceeded
B. Malfunctioning heating element
C. Clotted blood tubing
D. High arterial pressure
✅ Correct answer: B

23. If an air detector alarm is activated but no visible air is found, what could be the cause?
A. Loose venous connection
B. Faulty air sensor or damp chamber
C. Low TMP
D. Excessive heparin
✅ Correct answer: B

24. In the event of multiple alarms during dialysis, which principle applies best?
A. Silence all alarms to avoid distraction
B. Stop the machine immediately
C. Prioritize alarms affecting blood circuit safety (air, pressure, blood leak)
D. Call the nephrologist immediately
✅ Correct answer: C

25. A “TMP too low” alarm might indicate:
A. Clotted dialyzer
B. No dialysate flow or disconnected dialysate line
C. Excessive ultrafiltration
D. Venous needle dislodgement
✅ Correct answer: B

26. Which patient condition may falsely trigger high venous pressure alarms?
A. Fever
B. Talking during dialysis
C. Fistula stenosis or obstruction
D. High sodium level
✅ Correct answer: C

27. If the machine displays “heparin pump failure,” what should you do first?
A. Increase blood flow
B. Manually administer heparin after consulting doctor
C. Stop dialysis immediately
D. Restart machine
✅ Correct answer: B

28. Why is it critical to not ignore conductivity or pH alarms?
A. They cause machine damage
B. They can lead to electrolyte imbalances and patient harm
C. They increase UF rate
D. They reduce blood flow
✅ Correct answer: B

29. After resolving an alarm, what is best practice before resuming dialysis?
A. Flush the dialyzer
B. Document alarm only if patient complains
C. Confirm alarm source is resolved and monitor patient
D. Reinsert needles
✅ Correct answer: C

30. What is the safest response to a false air detector alarm that recurs during treatment?
A. Bypass the sensor
B. Manually inspect and clean the air chamber, notify supervisor
C. Deactivate all safety alarms
D. Ignore if blood flow is stable
✅ Correct answer: B

31. During treatment, the “blood pump stopped” alarm is triggered. What should be checked first?
A. Blood leak sensor
B. Heparin pump settings
C. Blood pump door closure and tubing position
D. Dialysate pressure
✅ Correct answer: C

32. What is the risk of overriding or ignoring a “dialysate flow error” alarm?
A. Reduced dialyzer lifespan
B. Inaccurate ultrafiltration rate
C. Inadequate waste removal leading to underdialysis
D. Minor patient discomfort only
✅ Correct answer: C

33. The machine is alarming for “UF control error.” What is the safest immediate action?
A. Restart UF system
B. Stop ultrafiltration and notify biomedical/physician
C. Decrease blood flow rate
D. Reprime the blood circuit
✅ Correct answer: B

34. A recurrent “high TMP” alarm likely indicates:
A. Blood leak detector failure
B. Clotting within the dialyzer membrane
C. Arterial needle dislodgement
D. Venous needle is loose
✅ Correct answer: B

35. If conductivity is too low, the dialysate may cause:
A. Hypernatremia and hypertension
B. Hemolysis and hypotension
C. Fever
D. Hyperkalemia
✅ Correct answer: B

36. Which of the following is not a cause of a “venous pressure high” alarm?
A. Clot in venous line
B. Kinked tubing after dialyzer
C. Disconnected arterial line
D. Poor venous access
✅ Correct answer: C

37. What is the most appropriate response if the “arterial pressure low” alarm occurs and the patient is experiencing signs of shock?
A. Change dialyzer
B. Increase blood pump speed
C. Lower the arterial needle
D. Stop dialysis and initiate emergency response
✅ Correct answer: D

38. During priming, the “air in line” alarm repeatedly triggers. What is the likely cause?
A. Clotted dialyzer
B. Tubing not completely filled
C. Conductivity sensor error
D. UF volume too low
✅ Correct answer: B

39. What is the danger of continuing dialysis after overriding a “temperature too high” alarm?
A. Dialysis is more effective
B. Risk of patient hypothermia
C. Increased clotting in circuit
D. Risk of patient hyperthermia or hemolysis
✅ Correct answer: D

40. If the machine alarms for “blood leak small,” and no blood is visible in the dialysate effluent, what is the best course of action?
A. Continue treatment and monitor
B. Stop treatment and test dialysate for occult blood
C. Ignore the alarm if patient feels well
D. Reduce blood flow to stop leak
✅ Correct answer: B

41. A “blood pump error” message persists even after restarting. What should be your next step?
A. Silence the alarm and continue dialysis
B. Change the entire machine immediately
C. Inspect and re-seat tubing or notify biomedical technician
D. Clamp the venous line and restart heparin pump
✅ Correct answer: C

42. If an air detector alarm is triggered during return of blood, what should you do?
A. Pause and inspect for air, do not resume until line is cleared
B. Ignore if air is not visible
C. Flush air through saline line
D. Continue at a slower pump speed
✅ Correct answer: A

43. The “venous pressure too low” alarm can be triggered if:
A. Arterial needle is dislodged
B. Venous needle is dislodged or disconnected
C. UF goal is too high
D. Heparin dose is too low
✅ Correct answer: B

44. When a “TMP high” alarm is triggered repeatedly despite rinsing and repositioning, what should be done?
A. Increase dialysate flow
B. Replace the dialyzer (possible clotting)
C. Turn off TMP sensor
D. Give more heparin
✅ Correct answer: B

45. What is a major danger if a “blood leak alarm” is ignored?
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Hemolysis
C. Cross-contamination between blood and dialysate
D. Hypocalcemia
✅ Correct answer: C

46. Which of the following alarms directly indicates a life-threatening risk to the patient?
A. Dialysate flow alarm
B. UF goal alarm
C. Air detector alarm
D. TMP low alarm
✅ Correct answer: C

47. A conductivity too high alarm could result in:
A. Dialysis not removing phosphate
B. Hypertension or fluid overload
C. Hypernatremia, cramping, and headache
D. Dialyzer clotting
✅ Correct answer: C

48. A “heparin pump air bubble” alarm occurs. Your next step is to:
A. Flush the heparin line with saline
B. Restart the blood pump
C. Ignore the alarm
D. Pause dialysis
✅ Correct answer: A

49. Why is it important not to silence alarms without resolving the root cause?
A. Alarms are too sensitive
B. It shortens machine life
C. It violates patient safety protocols and risks patient harm
D. It delays the end of dialysis
✅ Correct answer: C

50. The machine signals “End of Treatment,” but UF goal has not been reached. What action should you take?
A. Restart the entire treatment
B. Recalculate dry weight
C. Check time settings and consult physician if extended time is needed
D. Immediately disconnect patient
✅ Correct answer: C

51. What condition may falsely trigger a “blood leak” alarm even when no leak exists?
A. Bloodline kink
B. UV light sensor error
C. Residual disinfectant or medications (e.g., methylene blue) in blood
D. Low blood flow rate
✅ Correct answer: C

52. What’s the most appropriate initial step when you receive a “machine power failure” alert during treatment?
A. Stop blood pump and wait
B. Immediately clamp bloodlines and prepare for manual blood return
C. Disconnect patient
D. Restart the machine
✅ Correct answer: B

53. What alarm may occur if the dialysate supply is accidentally disconnected during dialysis?
A. UF goal reached
B. Blood pump error
C. Conductivity or flow alarm
D. Venous pressure high
✅ Correct answer: C

54. A persistent “arterial pressure high” alarm can indicate:
A. Kinked tubing before the pump
B. Venous needle infiltration
C. Fistula stenosis or poor blood flow from access
D. Patient hypotension
✅ Correct answer: C

55. During self-care dialysis, the patient reports frequent air alarms. What is a likely cause?
A. Improper priming
B. Low dialysate flow
C. Conductivity mismatch
D. Over-anticoagulation
✅ Correct answer: A

56. Which of the following will NOT cause a “TMP high” alarm?
A. Blood clotting in the dialyzer
B. High ultrafiltration setting
C. Normal saline priming
D. Slow dialysate flow
✅ Correct answer: C

57. What is the most appropriate nursing response to a conductivity alarm that does not resolve after checking connections and restarting dialysate?
A. Continue treatment with lower UF
B. Ignore the alarm if patient is stable
C. Stop dialysis and replace dialysate or machine
D. Increase blood flow to compensate
✅ Correct answer: C

58. “Heparin pump occlusion” alarms may be caused by:
A. Overheating of dialysate
B. Clamped or kinked heparin line
C. Low blood volume
D. Incorrect arterial pressure
✅ Correct answer: B

59. When should the air detector alarm be tested manually?
A. Once every 6 months
B. At the end of each treatment
C. Before every treatment during machine setup
D. After each disinfection cycle
✅ Correct answer: C

60. What is the correct step if multiple alarms (pressure, air, blood leak) occur together and machine cannot be reset?
A. Switch off all alarms
B. Reprogram machine
C. Clamp lines, return blood manually, and change machine
D. Ignore and let alarms settle
✅ Correct answer: C

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MAC.DIALYSIS

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